How to Detect Lies

Become a Lie Detector--------------------------------

Introduction to Detecting Lies:
The following techniques to telling if someone is lying are often used by police, and security experts. This knowledge is also useful for managers, employers, and for anyone to use in everyday situations where telling the truth from a lie can help prevent you from being a victim of fraud/scams and other deceptions.
Warning: Sometimes Ignorance is bliss; after gaining this knowledge, you may be hurt when it is obvious that someone is lying to you.


Signs of Deception:

Body Language of Lies:
• Physical expression will be limited and stiff, with few arm and hand movements. Hand, arm and leg movement are toward their own body the liar takes up less space.
• A person who is lying to you will avoid making eye contact.
• Hands touching their face, throat & mouth. Touching or scratching the nose or behind their ear. Not likely to touch his chest/heart with an open hand.

Emotional Gestures & Contradiction
• Timing and duration of emotional gestures and emotions are off a normal pace. The display of emotion is delayed, stays longer it would naturally, then stops suddenly.
• Timing is off between emotions gestures/expressions and words. Example: Someone says "I love it!" when receiving a gift, and then smile after making that statement, rather then at the same time the statement is made.
• Gestures/expressions don’t match the verbal statement, such as frowning when saying “I love you.”
• Expressions are limited to mouth movements when someone is faking emotions (like happy, surprised, sad, awe, )instead of the whole face. For example; when someone smiles naturally their whole face is involved: jaw/cheek movement, eyes and forehead push down, etc.

Interactions and Reactions
• A guilty person gets defensive. An innocent person will often go on the offensive.
• A liar is uncomfortable facing his questioner/accuser and may turn his head or body away.
• A liar might unconsciously place objects (book, coffee cup, etc.) between themselves and you.

Verbal Context and Content
• A liar will use your words to make answer a question. When asked, “Did you eat the last cookie?” The liar answers, “No, I did not eat the last cookie.”
•A statement with a contraction is more likely to be truthful: “ I didn't do it” instead of “I did not do it”
• Liars sometimes avoid "lying" by not making direct statements. They imply answers instead of denying something directly.
• The guilty person may speak more than natural, adding unnecessary details to convince you... they are not comfortable with silence or pauses in the conversation.• A liar may leave out pronouns and speak in a monotonous tone. When a truthful statement is made the pronoun is emphasized as much or more than the rest of the words in a statement.
• Words may be garbled and spoken softly, and syntax and grammar may be off. In otherwords, his sentences will likely be muddled rather than emphasized.

Other signs of a lie:
• If you believe someone is lying, then change subject of a conversation quickly, a liar follows along willingly and becomes more relaxed. The guilty wants the subject changed; an innocent person may be confused by the sudden change in topics and will want to back to the previous subject.
• Using humor or sarcasm to avoid a subject.

Final Notes:
Obviously, just because someone exhibits one or more of these signs does not make them a liar. The above behaviors should be compared to a persons base (normal) behavior whenever possible.


“Those who will lie for you will lie against you”
- Bosnian Saying

Watch and listen carefully, when someone is accused of something and they are innocent, usually they will resent the accusations and want to explore the topic further. When the conversation changes direction is the person glad the subject has changed instead of wanting to know where this fantasy came from. The guilty want the subject changed. Failure to deny or explain when an explanation would be expected is not a good sign. Short answers that lack the normal amount of detail should make you ask why. Long answers, beyond what is normal are often used to distract and deflect.While being accused (especially off guard) the lair will often remain expressionless instead of a look that would yell or express, WHAT? The liar is more concerned with how they are going to respond. They often will sit like they are before the principal and think of a responseLook for posture, confident people tend to stand and sit straighter with shoulders back, while more insecure people tend to hunch over and put their hands in their pockets. Be sure that the more insecure someone is the more they are prone to lying.The person who is being deceitful will have little or no physical contact with the person they are lying to. This is an excellent and quite reliable indicator of a deceitful person. The liar will rarely touch the other person. They are unconsciously reducing the level of intimacy to help alleviate guilt.They may go as far as putting an object, like a coffee cup or salt shaker in between themselves and you. A barrier of sorts. They often will avoid eye contact, and lean toward an exit or a wall as an instinctive urge to avoid the situation that endangers their cover. They often will turn their head or shield their eyes with their hands.“A person speaking the truth is not concerned about whether you misunderstand them; they are always willing to clarify. The liar wants to be sure you understand their point immediately so that he can change the subject and no further questions will be asked. When the evidence is fragile, the words they use often become bold and solid to compensate. Skilled interviewers and interrogators know the following rule concerning contradictions. When a suspect uses a contradiction ”It wasn't me” instead of “It was not me” statistically speaking, there is a 60 percent chance he or she's being truthful. Sometimes the Guilty, in an attempt to sound emphatic, don't want to use a contraction in their statement of innocence; they want to emphasize the not (remember OJ)
It is always important to look for trends not just specifics. Don't become to judgemental without observing patterns.If it sounds too good to be true or if someone says they never lie, they are usually among the worst of the liars. There are two kinds of people in the world, liars and hypocrites and it's the hypocrites who will deceive you more often. Everybody lies occasionally. When trying to gauge a persons honesty, propose a solution that you know is too difficult to attain. If they tell you this is difficult or not doable they are confidant enough to be honest, if they agree to do the impossible and never even acknowledge the task as hard, you can assume they will lie to achieve their ends.




Signs of deceit
The best way we found to detect a liar when all is said and done according to our research is to find someone who has a natural gift of perception. If they have been trained on how to use that gift all the better. These people are fairly rare. In tests one group of people (one profession) far surpassed all others. Can you guess which profession? The answer is at the bottom of the list below.

Below are a list of traits and signs accumulated from a wide variety of sources.

. Liars tend to move their arms, hands, and fingers less and blink less than people telling the truth do, and liars' voices can become more tense or high-pitched. The extra effort needed to remember what they've already said and to keep their stories consistent may cause liars to restrain their movements and fill their speech with pauses. People shading the truth tend to make fewer speech errors than truth tellers do, and they rarely backtrack to fill in forgotten or incorrect details.


. People who lie tend to avoid details in favor of bold facts. Liars tended to string together very simple actions. They tend to avoid details.


. Sadness is very hard to fake. When someone is genuinely sad, the forehead wrinkles with grief and the inner corners of the eyebrows are pulled up. By contrast, the lowering of the eyebrows associated with an angry scowl can be faked by almost everybody. If someone says they are sad and the inner corners of their eyebrows don't go up, they are likely faking it.


. People who are uncomfortable or lying often repeat the question you ask them.


. When we smile genuinely we move more than just our mouth, the orbicularis oculi, the muscle around the eye that gives us ‘crow's-feet’ also moves. Liars tend to just move their mouths. It takes only two muscles, the zygomaticus major muscles that extend from the cheekbones to the corners of the lips produce a grin.


. Liars may also feel fear and guilt or delight at fooling people. Such emotions can trigger a change in facial expression so brief that most observers never notice. These split-second "microexpressions." are emotional clues are as important as gestures, voice, and speech patterns in uncovering deceitfulness.


. Speech Pattern Changes. Liars may mispronounce words, mumble and take longer pauses between a question and a response than honest people. This happens because the liar is not sure where they’re going with the lie or might be having trouble following through with the lie.


. Looking down while talking may indicate someone is embarrassed or does not know.


. Fidgeting may indicate nervousness due to deception.


. Touching the face while talking may be a sign the person is uncomfortable or deceptive. The higher up on the face the worse the lie.


. Shifty Eyes. A liar often will not look you straight in the eye.


. Changing Pupils. A liars pupils may change in size. This happens because when under stress (e.g. lying), adrenaline is released causing the pupils to dilate. Enlarged pupils can also indicate attraction so don't forget always look for patterns of lying.


. Speech Pattern Changes. Liars may mispronounce words, mumble and take longer pauses between a question and a response than honest people. This happens because the liar may be hesitating before they make up a lie, or they are searing for a suitable lie that fits the occasion.


. Fidgeting. Tapping the fingers, nose scratching,, fake coughs and playing with something in their fingers could all be the signs discomfort and lying.


. Heavy breathing, sweating or tight jaw.


. Looking up while talking may indicate someone is lying.


. People who lie tend not to use pronouns like "I" or "me".


. If questioned enough liars often will not be able to remember the lies they have made up and will attack or leave before they are trapped.


. Liars are afraid of getting caught and they might feel guilty so they may express anger or storm around as a show to hide their anxiety. That way the anger or anxiety they show has reasonable explanation, besides the real one, which is - they are lying.


Answer to what profession is best at detecting liars:
Secret Service Agents



Signs of defensiveness


. Crossing arms, legs and or ankles


. Hands on hips


. Avoiding eye contact


. Closing mouth tightly, clenching teeth or jaw


. Refusing to talk


. Avoiding the situation, leaving the uncomfortable situation

The Truth Is....
Things don't have to be complicated.
The truth really does work.
The truth is not an excuse to be callous and mean
The truth lets us grow to become better than we are.
If no one is honest with us, we cannot see what to work on.
We aren't all smart, tall, pretty, or successful.That's the truth.
Lying won't make anyone smart, tall, pretty, or successful.
That's also the truth.
That also is OK,
the truth is we need to be ourselves
and find what our true calling is.
That is happiness

How to Spot a LiarPowerful, professional videos that teach you step by step how to learn hypnosis, hypnotherapy and stage hypnosis.
What are the clues?Your quick guide to spot a liar! If a person touches his nose, or covers his mouth, is he lying? In some cases yes, this can be an indicator. It is all about calibration.What is calibration?When looking for a lie, you need to know what a person does when they are telling the truth. If a person uses their hands when they talk, or their eyes dart around when they are having a comfortable conversation, you can calibrate their mannerisms, voice, tempo and eyes for honesty. Notice their normal mannerisms when you know they are answering the easy questions and telling the truth. This is the most critical part.
When you suspect that someone is lying, you will compare their dishonest response to the way they respond when telling the truth.
Hands, head position, voice level, eye positions, shoulders, everything will be a signal when you know what to look for.
You need to make note of the differences in behavior that shows that an internal conflict is happening. When there is a conflict, the brain does not respond normally. It creates signals that make it impossible for the person to keep the same mannerisms, voice tone, head position, all in a congruent state as the lie is told.
Typical body language that reveals an internal conflict:
Hands over mouthHand to noseHand to earHands or fingers moving, wringing, tappingHead tilt to sideHead turned awayBody moving backwardsBlink rate increasesPupils contractEyes go down to left or rightEyelids stay closed during the answerVoice tone risesClearing the throatDo these things mean a person is lying? Not necessarily. It depends on the calibration. Remember you are looking for the differences- the thing that the body does because there is an internal conflict that causes involuntary "leakage" of the emotional charge.Words can be a great indicator that a person is about to lie:Answering your question with a questionRepeating the statement, rather than answeringSay "I am telling you the truth"I will not lie to you"Accusing "Are you saying I am lying?"Stammering, stuttering, and pausing before answeringPointing while answeringThe sound of the voiceVoice raises due to tightness of vocal chords.Anxiety makes voice squeaky or raspyMumbling
EyesEye positionBlink rate increasingpupils contractingLooking down to left or right (depending on whether the person is right or left handed)Eye twitch- involuntaryStaring into your eyes (look for leakage immediately)These signals alone do not mean a person is lying. If you have calibrated properly, you will see the immediate and obvious change, or combination of behaviors that mean they are lying. Remember, it is all about the way the person tells the truth, that will tell you when they are lying.
Some people think that they can lie by looking you right in the eyes. But, guaranteed, something else will give. Even if they have practiced lying there will be a signal somewhere else. A face that lacks expression can be covering up the lie- but the lack of expression and the lack of micro muscle movements can be the dead giveaway.
If you learn how to detect a liar, the clues will be obvious. You will wonder how you never noticed such OBVIOUS signals before. Learn from the video and then create your own internal lie detector that will take all the signals, calibrate them unconsciously and then you will know- is it truth or lie?


When is Someone Lying to You?
Everyone has to lie from time to time. People lie to avoid hurting someone's feelings or to save them from embarrassment. But unfortunately there are other people, people not as honest as us, that are career liars. So how do you avoid the con-men and scamsters trying to cheat you out of your money? Asking people to take a lie detector test isn't really practical. Some clues to a person's honesty are explained below.
Lying is a stressful business for all but the habitual liar. The guilt and fear of getting caught produce symptoms which can point to a liar. One of these actions alone may not mean anything but several of them may be significant. You have to look at the whole picture when judging truthfulness.
When children lie, they often cover their mouth as if to hide the words from you. Adults do the same thing. To try and mask the lie they will place their hand across their mouth or try to disguise this by coughing. A variation on this is scratching or stroking the nose with the lightest of touches. It is set apart from someone with an itchy nose who will touch their nose in a more deliberate manner. If however, you see this when you are speaking to someone, it may mean they think you are lying.

Open Palms
Open palms are a traditional sign of honesty, with palms facing upwards it shows the person has nothing to hide. This stems from when two people would show their palms on meeting, to show they weren't hiding any weapons. People generally find it difficult to lie with open palms and if they try, it will look contrived. The professional scam-artist will have learned to do this convincingly, to help him charm people into parting with their cash.

Eye Contact
When someone is telling you a lie, they will often find it difficult to look you directly in the eye. To avoid eye contact they may rub their eyes. Men will rub their eyes briskly or look down when lying. Women are more likely to rub below their eyes or stare up whilst lying.
Prolonged eye contact may also be a clue to a lie. The liar may overcompensate because he knows a lack of eye contact can look suspicious. As with other possible symptoms this should be taken in context with other behaviour.

Eye Accessing Cues
If you watch someone's eyes carefully you get clues to the way they are thinking. This can only be used as a general rule of thumb because everyone thinks in a different way so this won't apply to everybody. In my experience this does work most of the time, but you have to think carefully about what the person's thought process is when the eye movement takes place.
When someone looks up and to the left from your point of view (their right) they are constructing an image, in other words they are making up a situation in their mind, clearly this could mean they are lying. If they look left but their eye's stay level they are constructing a sound, for example they could be imagining a conversation that they haven't had.
When they look up and to the right they are remembering an image (probably not lying) and when they look right but keep their eye's level they are remembering a sound.
If someone looks down and to the left they are accessing their feelings and when they look down and to the right they are having an internal dialogue with themselves.

The Conundrum
If someone says they were at a certain place at a certain time and you don't believe them you can always ask them a question about it. Better yet ask them a question that you know the answer to. But how would you know the answer if you yourself weren't there? You wouldn't, so ask about something you know didn't happen. For example, you could ask if they saw anything of a stabbing incident near where they were and were they stuck in the traffic because of the police investigation on the way there. If the person wasn't where they said, they will struggle to decide how to answer. If they agree with you that an incident took place then they must be lying, but if they didn't recall such an incident they may have been telling the truth.
When they give their answer, carefully notice how much they hesitate and stumble over their words. The more they struggle to answer, the more likely they are to be lying.
This is a really good way to find out if someone is lying as long as it was the location they were lying about and not the people they were with. You should also make sure that the incident is big enough so that they realistically could not have missed it if they had actually been there, but not so big that it is totally unbelievable.

Micro Expressions
One of the things that can manifest itself under the pressure of a lie, is an unusual expression on the face. What I mean by this is an expression that is shorter in duration than you would normally expect. In fact the expression can be so quick that it's easy to miss. However, it is an extremely effective method of uncovering a liar and so should always be looked for.
These short expressions commonly come in the form of a lifting of both eyebrows and/or a small frown in the middle of the forehead.
Such expressions intriguingly occurred during President Clinton's denial of sexual relations speech, and when Michael Jackson denied impropriety with a child. Both of these people were suspected of lying at the time and the use of this method would concur with that assumption.
The fact that such a politician was unable prevent such an expression could mean either they didn't know about such a give away, didn't think anyone would notice or more likely he was unable to stop the micro expression.
Unfortunately, the micro expression only lasts for a fraction of a second, so you need to practice carefully monitoring people's expressions for the clues they betray.

Follow the Pattern
The easiest people to spot lying are the last people you want to lie to you. Your friends and family are the people you know best and therefore you know their patterns of behaviour. When they act in a slightly different way to normal your suspicions should be aroused.

Other Clues
The guilt of lying will manifest itself in many other ways. The person may sweat more making them adjust their clothing or scratch more. Their pupils may dilate and they will blink more often. Their face may blush or develop a twitch. When questioned they may be hesitant and give a short answer. A truthful person will be able to easy elaborate and be more animated in their answering. An untruthful story will lack details and will be vague in places.
People can learn to banish most of the unconscious movements that show untruthfulness. Politicians are good people to watch for this, they make sure they keep their movements to a minimum to appear credible.

Conclusion
You shouldn't assume someone is lying just because they fall down on one of the above tests, but if there are multiple clues this will remove all doubt for you. Ideally you should take everything into consideration before acting on your suspicions. The person may not be lying for the reason you think they are lying, for instance they may be lying out of embarrassment or perhaps they are planning a surprise for you. Just because you now know how to tell when someone is lying, make sure you don't get caught up in paranoia.


The Body Doesn't Lie - By Nili Raam, Phd
It isn’t easy for a woman, especially if she is in love with a man of the lying variety, to realize that he is leading her up the garden path. In most cases, there are no unmistakable signs, although the woman’s friends and relatives will hotly claim: “We told you so”. There are certain non-verbal indicators that may be helpful, but judgment should definitely not be passed on the basis of a single indicator. The hands, face and legs are our great betrayers, as being the body parts that drop the major hints. It is very difficult to control the movement of every one of them, and especially the movement of all three together. The common denominator of all indicators of lying is concealment. It includes concealment of the gaze, the eyes or the mouth, concealment of the hands, concealment of the feet, or keeping them off the ground. Another group of secondary indicators is where the subject shows visible signs of tension or nervousness or seems keyed up, a mental state frequently accompanying the telling of a lie. The deceiving male is basically in an evasion mode, and his body, too, acts evasively. He evades eye contact, physical contact, does not turn his body completely toward the woman when he is lying to her, and evades mental and physical openness. A person who is at peace with himself and his position tends to place the soles of his feet on the ground when seated. The deceiving man is tensed up and in a state of evasion, and he expresses this with his feet. Postures in which only the heels, toes or sides of the feet touch the ground are fairly frequent, and we often find a posture in which one foot is placed upon and covers the other. A person’s discomfort with his lies will express itself in generally restiveness. He fidgets restlessly on his chair, touching his nose or lips, or his eyes or ears, while giving voice to the lie. Liars, it transpires, tend to cross arms and legs more frequently. This limb crossing constitutes a defense, in which the liar feels that both he and his lie are less exposed. This point is particularly valid where the hands are concerned. Fully revealed and open hands attest to mental openness; and their incautious use is liable to betray the lie. Therefore the liar will tend to conceal his hands one inside the other, thrust them into his pockets or even sit on them. Touching oneself, especially on the nose, mouth or eyes, is especially significant, as it points to a certain emotional difficulty. Such signs may relate to a sense of embarrassment, mental discomfort or tension that an individual feels when he lies. Sometimes self-touching may be an attempt at self-encouragement and support.In highly excited states, people tend to pinch the back of their hand, as if to refuse to allow themselves to be drawn into the excitement; or even as an expression of guilt in connection with a lie. The significance of biting one’s hand or fingernails is similar, except that this may also be an expression of frustration or anger. Liars often make exaggerated use of overemphatic signals of frankness, such as: hand on heart, vehement oaths and excessive demonstrations of feeling. When President Clinton stated, very definitely: “I did not have sex with that woman” (Monica Lewinksy, of course), he overdid the emphasis on anger and seriousness in this statement, placing it in the category of overkill, which is fairly typical of liars (“Cross my heart and hope to die”). The deceiving male is no exception to this rule: he indulges extensively in grandiloquence, sometimes overemphasizing his feelings as badly as a ham actor, and resorting to gestures such as oaths of loyalty. Men who are seasoned con artists where women are concerned are aware of the efficacy of touch in softening up their quarry. They can captivate her heart by means of a gentle, supportive, considerate and caressing touch. Such men are highly skilled in the use of the kinds of touch that look and feel like a woman’s most romantic fantasies. (When they fail to obtain whatever it is they are after from the woman, however, this veneer will probably start to crack). Liars almost universally experience three psychological conditions:

1. Fear, misgivings, anxiety;
2. A strong desire to conceal the lie;
3. Internal conflict.

The intensity of each of these feelings depends on what he stands to lose if the truth is found out, and also on his moral conscientiousness level. In this state of mind, the emotions will frequently leak, finding expression in micro-movements. The more of a conscience the liar has, the more anxious and the less skilled he will be – and the more indicators he will give. A brief guide to spotting lie-indicators

Fear indicators:
• Facial or palmar sweating
• Uneven breathing.
• Dry mouth and throat (lip-licking, frequent sipping of a drink, swallowing).
• Tongue tripping.
• Throat clearing and coughing.
• Blushing and turning pale.
• Fiddling with some object (doodling, fingering).
• Rigid body, stiff posture.
• Eyes darting about or strong blinking
.Camouflage or concealment indicators:
• Any signs attesting to mental planning processes;
• Stiff, expressionless face (an attempt to avoid giving facial expression to emotions);
• A smile that is out of place, too prolonged or that comes and goes suddenly;
• Concealment of the side of the mouth, nose-touching;
• Cleansing the sides of the mouth;
• Avoidance of eye contact, or the use of a hypnotic gaze, as if trying to demonstrate honesty.Internal conflict indicators:
• Slight facial twitching, especially on one side of the mouth, or in the cheeks or eyelids;
• Intense blinking, the lifting of one eyebrow;
• Slight shoulder shaking, a sort of quick and minute shrug.
• Nose wrinkling, as when expressing disgust;
• Change of tone when speaking: the voice drops and becomes softer as the lie is uttered;
• Involuntary shaking of the hands, as if to be rid of the lie.

A person who is telling lies is usually experiencing some degree of mental stress, due to the gap between what he is saying and what he knows to be true. For this reason, certain tension and stress indicators may also be lie indicators. Indeed, almost any lie will betray indicators of stress or nervousness that reinforce the more obvious cues of lying, and confirming suspicions of deception. However, one should not conclude that a persona is lying solely on the basis of signs of stress and nervousness – he may simply be feeling pressured, emotional or nervous; which is why the differences must be carefully studied.

Characteristic signs of nervousness, stress or disquiet not necessarily attesting that the subject is lying:
• Finger drumming;
• Clasping and unclasping one’s hands;
• Hand wringing
• Voice tremors
• Nervous giggling;
• Swallowing, lip licking

Fallacies and facts about liars
Beware of prejudices, especially fallacies.
Fallacy: the liar does not look you in the eye;
Fact: the prevailing cliché has it that liars don’t look you in the eye. Liars are well aware of this, and therefore take pains to gaze straight into your eyes, as if to compensate for such expectations. Your average liar will make sure to look his interlocutor straight in the eye, as if trying to hypnotize him, especially when he gets to the problematic parts of his discourse. Sometimes, of course, he may be overcome by the need to momentarily close the eye, when the dissonance between what he is saying and what his conscience requires him to say is too great. But this already amounts to a “leak”.

Fallacy: a high-pitched tone of voice, rapid speech, a loud voice, verbal errors – are all indicators of a lie.
Fact: most of the above merely indicate excitement, except for the voice being suddenly pitched louder or softer.

Fallacy: a smile shows sympathy and is therefore an indicator of the truth.
Fact: liars use smiles as ammunition. A smile of this sort is discernible mainly when it is out of place, appearing suddenly and just as suddenly vanishing. Crooked smiles that do not involve the eyes, or that last too long, may indicate that lies are being told.

Fallacy: a poker face indicates a person who has something to hide.
Fact: a poker-faced expression is mainly indicative of introverted types, the exception being where the subject’s face changes from expressive to poker faced.

Fallacy: reflex actions such as blushing, quick breathing, perspiring or dilation of the pupils – may indicate a lie.
Fact: all these are signs of mental stress or strong negative feelings, not necessarily lying.

It is important to note that lying should not be inferred from one single indicator but only from a whole cluster of signs. Moreover, indicators appearing singly or serially are only significant where there is a deviation from the norm, an unconventional response. For example, if a person is in the habit of sitting on his hands, that posture carries no significance, but significance does attach to one who suddenly sits on his hands in response to something that has been said. We may ascribe significance if the voice suddenly becomes high-pitched when uttering a certain word; but where a voice is always pitched high, we are witnessing a personality trait, and not a lie.