Satu Cadangan

OLEH: ibni ahmad
ibni_ahmad@yahoo.com

Assalamualaikum

Umat Islam berada dalam keadaan yang membimbangkan, Tekanan dan Serangan musuh Islam semakin bertambah hebat dari masa ke semasa, Umat Islam yang Beriman perlu bangkit Mempertahankan Islam, Kebenaran, Kesucian dan Kemuliaan Islam di cemarkan serta di rosakkan oleh musuh Islam, Umno yang mewakili Perjuangan Islam Munafik dan Fasiq juga semakin hebat mencemarkan dan merosakkan Islam Yang Sebenar

Parti PAS sebagai Wadah Perjuangan Umat Islam Yang Beriman perlu meningkatkan lagi Usaha Berjihad, Berjuang dan Berkorban Demi Mempertahankan Islam, untuk itu PAS memerlukan Umat Islam yang Beriman, Bertaqwa dan Soleh serta Golongan Yang Bertaubat yang Kembali kepada Islam untuk menguatkan Pertahanan Islam seterusnya Mengembalikan Kegemilangan Islam dengan memberi Kemenangan kepada Umat Islam Yang Beriman (Yang Berjuang dan Berkorban didalam PAS), Ringkasnya PAS perlukan Pejuang Islam yang benar-benar Mencintai ALLAH AWJ DAN RasulNYA iaitu Mencintai Islam

Oleh itu saya ingin memberi pendapat tentang beberapa perkara kepada PAS yang saya rasa bersesuaian dengan Kitab Suci Al Quran dan Sunnah Rasullullah SAW


1.Tambahkan Ahli

PAS perlu menambahkan Ahli-ahli bagi menguatkan Jamaah Islam Yang Beriman, Bersatu-padu didalam Jamaah PAS (Jamaah Islam Yang Beriman) sepertimana Maksud Ayat Suci Al Quran Surah Al Imraan Ayat 103

Dan berpegang teguhlah kamu sekalian kepada tali Allah (ugama Islam), dan janganlah kamu bercerai-berai; dan kenanglah nikmat Allah kepada kamu ketika kamu bermusuh-musuhan (semasa jahiliyah dahulu), lalu Allah menyatukan di antara hati kamu (sehingga kamu bersatu-padu dengan nikmat Islam), maka menjadilah kamu dengan nikmat Allah itu orang-orang Islam yang bersaudara. Dan kamu dahulu telah berada di tepi jurang neraka (disebabkan kekufuran kamu semasa jahiliyah), lalu Allah selamatkan kamu dari neraka itu (disebabkan nikmat Islam juga). Demikianlah Allah menjelaskan kepada kamu ayat-ayat keteranganNya, supaya kamu mendapat petunjuk hidayahNya.
Ali Imraan 103

Juga mengikut Hadis Rasullullah SAW yang Bermaksud:-

Daripada 'Auf bin Malik r.a. berkata: Rasulullah saw. bersabda; "Umat Yahudi telah berpecah-belah menjadi tujuh puluh satu golongan, maka hanya satu golongan sahaja yang masuk syurga dan yang tujuh puluh lagi akan masuk neraka. Umat Nasrani telah berpecah-belah menjadi tujuh puIuh dua golongan, maka tujuh puluh satu golongan masuk neraka dan hanya satu golongan sahaja yang masuk syurga. Demi Tuhan yang diri ku di dalam kekuasaannya, umatku akan berpecah belah menjadi tujuh puluh tiga golongan, hanya satu golongan sahaja yang masuk syurga dan tujuh puluh dua lagi akan masuk neraka. Sahabat bertanya, mana yang selamat"? Nabi saw. menjawab, "Mereka adalah jamaah". (Golongan Ahlus Sunnah Wal Jamaah).
H.R Ibnu Majah


Menambahkan Ahli Jamaah PAS memang penting dimana dengan Bersatu-padu di bawah PAS di bawah Pimpinan Ulama Yang Sebenar(Beriman, Bertaqwa dan Soleh) Kita sebagai Umat Islam Yang Beriman dapat memantapkan lagi Perjuangan Islam, Musuh-musuh Islam yang cuba menjatuhkan Islam daripada dalam juga begitu mudah dikenalpasti dan di musnahkan

Gerakan besar-besaran menambahkan Ahli PAS perlu dilancarkan, Umat Islam Yang Beriman perlu dikumpulkan dan di satukan, Ulama-ulama Sebenar perlu Bangkit Memimpin Umat Islam yang Beriman (Seperti Ulama PAS lakukan), Menyatukan Umat Islam Yang Beriman seterusnya memberi Kemenangan kepada Islam

Sebarang Masaalah untuk menambahkan Ahli perlu diatasi segera, antara masaalah PAS dalam menambahkan Ahli seperti Ketakutan sesetengah Umat Islam Yang Beriman terutama Kakitangan Kerajaan lebih-lebih lagi Polis dan Tentera boleh diatasi dengan PAS menyediakan Ahli-ahli “Rahsia” atau Keahlian yang Rahsia atau merahsiakan maklumat Ahli-ahli tertentu supaya tidak memudaratkan mereka, begitu juga dengan masaalah terlalu susah untuk mendaftar sebagai Ahli PAS, PAS diharapkan menyediakan keahlian secara “Online” atau melalui internet, Cawangan-cawangan dan Markas-markas PAS juga perlu di aktifkan menjadi tempat Pendaftaran Ahli-ahli baru

Jamaah PAS perlu tingkatkan usaha menambahkan Ahli-ahli baru PAS, PAS boleh melancarkan Kempen besar-besaran penambahan Ahli baru (Umat Islam Yang Beriman), selain terdapat beberapa cara lagi untuk PAS menambahkan bilangan Ahli antaranya:-


Pendaftaran Ahli Baru ketika Ceramah-ceramah PAS


Pendaftaran Ahli Baru di Masjid-masjid, Surau-surau serta Tempat Awam


Pendaftaran Ahli Baru melalui Ibu-bapa atau keluarga yang Beriman contohnya, Bapa atau Ibu iaitu Ketua keluarga perlu Mendaftarkan anak-anak dan cucu-cucu serta keseluruhan Ahli Keluarga serta Saudara serta Jiran serta Kawan-kawan samaada memujuk atau secara paksa menjadi Ahli PAS


Melancarkan Kempen dari Rumah ke rumah, seperti Ahli Jamaah Tabligh dapat berjalan dari rumah ke rumah, kenapa Para Pejuang Islam PAS tidak boleh? Malah PAS juga boleh menggunakan Khidmat Ahli Jamaah Tabligh untuk ini kerana Ahli Jamaah Tabligh yang Beriman dan Bertaqwa dan Soleh sudah semestinya menyokong PAS dan menjadi Ahli PAS atas nama Perpaduan Islam


Kempen seperti kumpulan MLM(Direct Selling), Markas-markas PAS di gunakan bagi menarik minat Umat Islam Yang Beriman menyertai Perjuangan Islam Sebenar(Perjuangan PAS)


PAS juga dapat menambahkan Ahli melalui kaedah Kitab Suci Al Quran Surah Al Buruj Ayat 4 hingga 9 (Kisah Ashabul Ukhdud)


Program “Demam” sepertimana Demam Piala Dunia dan Demam Akedemi Fantasia, PAS boleh melancarkan Program Demam untuk Berjihad atau Demam Ibadah

Pertambahan dan Penyatuan Umat Islam Yang Beriman didalam PAS akan lebih memantapkan Perjuangan Islam Yang Sebenar, musuh-musuh Islam akan lebih mudah ditewaskan PAS boleh mengadakan kempen Pemulauan besar-besaran barangan musuh Islam, begitu jug Mogok secara besar-besaran dimana Umat Islam Yang Beriman akan melancarkan Mogok besar-besaran sekiranya Umat islam Yang Beriman di tindas dan di Zalimi malah Umat Islam Yang Beriman akan mudah bangkit menentang sekiranya Musuh islam termasuk kaum Munafik dan Fasiq cuba untuk merosakkan dan mencemarkan Islam, Perjuangan Islam akan lebih terjamin dengan adanya Umat Islam Yang Beriman didalam Pasukan Polis dan Tentera serta Pasukan Bersenjata yang bersiap sedia Membela dan Mempertahankan Islam daripada sebarang Ancaman musuh Islam, Umat Islam Yang Beriman juga dapat melancarkan serangan balas kepada musuh-musuh Islam dan menghapuskan Pengkhianat-pengkhianat Islam



2. Lebihkan Peranan Ulama

Ulama Yang Sebenar perlu kembali mengkaji Kitab Suci Al Quran dan Hadis Nabi SAW, Banyak Rahsia-rahsia seperti Cara-cara Mudah memberi Kemenangan kepada Pihak Islam dan Untuk menarik Minat Umat Islam terhadap Islam iaitu Mencintai Islam, Dalam keadaan sekarang Banyak Ulama lebih menumpukan kepada persoalan Fekah sahaja, sedangkan banyak lagi perkara yang terdapat didalam Kitab Suci Al Quran dan Hadis Nabi SAW tidak di “keluarkan”

Katakanlah (wahai Muhammad): "Kalaulah semua jenis lautan menjadi tinta untuk menulis Kalimah-kalimah Tuhanku, sudah tentu akan habis kering lautan itu sebelum habis Kalimah-kalimah Tuhanku, walaupun Kami tambahi lagi dengan lautan yang sebanding dengannya, sebagai bantuan".
Surah Al Kahfi 109

Umat Islam Awam seperti saya tidak mungkin dapat membongkarkan rahsia-rahsia Kitab Suci Al Quran dan Hadis Nabi SAW, Umat Islam Awam ternyata kekurangan Ilmu mengenai Kitab Suci Al Quran dan hadis Nabi SAW, Para Ulama Sebenar sahaja yang dapat menyingkap dan membongkar Ilmu-ilmu serta Teknik-teknik Berdasarkan Kitab Suci Al Quran dan Hadis Nabi SAW kerana Para Ulama (Sebenar) lebih Ariff tentang Kitab Suci Al Quran dan Hadis Nabi SAW, oleh itu di harapkan Para Ulama dapat Mengkaji dan meneliti Kitab Suci Al Quran dan Hadis Nabi SAW seterusnya Membimbing Umat Islam ke Arah Kemenangan Dunia dan Akhirat

Dia lah yang menurunkan kepadamu (wahai Muhammad) Kitab Suci Al-Quran. Sebahagian besar dari Al-Quran itu ialah ayat-ayat "Muhkamaat" (yang tetap, tegas dan nyata maknanya serta jelas maksudnya); ayat-ayat Muhkamaat itu ialah ibu (atau pokok) isi Al-Quran. Dan yang lain lagi ialah ayat-ayat "Mutasyaabihaat" (yang samar-samar, tidak terang maksudnya). Oleh sebab itu (timbulah faham yang berlainan menurut kandungan hati masing-masing) - adapun orang-orang yang ada dalam hatinya kecenderungan ke arah kesesatan, maka mereka selalu menurut apa yang samar-samar dari Al-Quran untuk mencari fitnah dan mencari-cari Takwilnya (memutarkan maksudnya menurut yang disukainya). Padahal tidak ada yang mengetahui Takwilnya (tafsir maksudnya yang sebenar) melainkan Allah. Dan orang-orang yang tetap teguh serta mendalam pengetahuannya dalam ilmu-ilmu ugama, berkata:" Kami beriman kepadanya, semuanya itu datangnya dari sisi Tuhan kami" Dan tiadalah yang mengambil pelajaran dan peringatan melainkan orang-orang yang berfikiran.
Al Imraan 7

Daripada Maksud Ayat Diatas jelas sekali Para Ulama Sebenar (Ulama PAS) dapat menentang ulama Fasiq dan Munafik terutama Ulama Umno yang sentiasa mencari-mencari fitnah terhadap Islam melalui Kitab Suci Al Quran



3. Menubuhkan Unit-unit Khas

PAS perlu menubuhkan beberapa Unit-unit Khas bagi memantapkan lagi Perjuangan Islam PAS, Saya mencadangkan supaya PAS menubuhkan unit-unit Khas seperti

1. Unit Khas Anti Fitnah, di mana Kitab Suci Al Quran telah menerangkan KEWAJIPAN Umat Islam yang Beriman Memerangi Fitnah

Dan perangilah mereka sehingga tidak ada lagi fitnah, dan (sehingga) menjadilah ugama itu semata-mata kerana Allah. Kemudian jika mereka berhenti maka tidaklah ada permusuhan lagi melainkan terhadap orang-orang yang zalim.
Al Baqarah 193

Dan perangilah mereka sehingga tidak ada lagi fitnah, dan (sehingga) menjadilah ugama itu seluruhnya (bebas) bagi Allah semata-mata. Kemudian jika mereka berhenti (dari kekufurannya dan gangguannya, nescaya mereka diberikan balasan yang baik) kerana sesungguhnya Allah Maha Melihat akan apa yang mereka kerjakan.
Al Anfal 39

Unit-unit khas ini akan bertindak memerangi semua fitnah-fitnah musuh-musuh Islam, Sebagai contoh Unit Khas Ulama PAS akan memerangi fitnah-fitnah Ulama fasiq terutama ulama Umno, Unit Khas Muslimat PAS akan Memerangi Kumpulan-kumpulan Fasiq dan Munafik seperti Sisters in Islam(SIS) dan Yayasan Aids (Marina Mahathir), Unit Khas Pemuda PAS akan membantu Ulama dan Kepimpinan PAS memerangi Fitnah



2. Unit Khas Perisikan,

Secara tidak langsung Berdasarkan Satu Sunnah Nabi SAW di
mana Sahabat Saidina Huzaifah Al Yaman RA di arah oleh Rasullullah SAW
sewaktu Perang Khandak untuk menyiasat dan mencari berita daripada pihak musuh

Wahai orang-orang yang beriman, apabila kamu pergi (berperang) pada jalan Allah (untuk membela Islam), maka hendaklah kamu menyelidik (apa jua perkara dengan sebaik-baiknya), dan janganlah kamu (terburu-buru) mengatakan kepada orang yang menunjukkan kepada kamu sikap damai (dengan memberi salam atau mengucap dua Kalimah Syahadat): "Engkau bukan orang yang beriman" (lalu kamu membunuhnya) dengan tujuan hendak (mendapat harta bendanya yang merupakan) harta benda kehidupan dunia (yang tidak kekal). (Janganlah kamu gelap mata kepada daki dunia itu) kerana di sisi Allah ada disediakan limpah kurnia yang banyak. Demikianlah juga keadaan kamu dahulu (dapat diketahui oleh orang lain akan keIslaman kamu dengan memberi salam atau mengucap kalimah Syahadat), lalu Allah mengurniakan nikmatNya kepada kamu. Oleh itu selidikilah (apa-apa jua lebih dahulu, dan janganlah bertindak dengan terburu-buru). Sesungguhnya Allah sentiasa memerhati dengan mendalam akan segala yang kamu lakukan.
An Nisaa 94

Secara tidak langsung terdapat juga Pejuang Islam (Ahli PAS) yang bergerak secara tersembunyi di sebalik Musuh-musuh Islam sepertimana Saidina Huzaifah Al Yaman RA,



4. Mengembalikan Sistem Ekonomi Islam

PAS perlu Mengembalikan Sisitem Ekonomi Islam sepertimana yang telah di buat Rasullullah SAW dahulu (selepas Hijrah), Keadaan ekonomi dunia ketika ini telah kembali kepada Zaman Jahilliyah juga secara tidak langsung telah “menghilangkan” Sistem Ekonomi Islam, Rasullullah SAW telah Membangunkan Ekonomi Umat Islam dengan begitu baik sekali, Taktik dan Teknik Rasullullah SAW Membangunkan Ekonomi amat perlu dilakukan pada masa kini, Ekonomi Malaysia dan Dunia yang di kuasai oleh Musyrikin terutama Yahudi akan dapat di Saingi oleh Umat Islam sekiranya Sistem Ekonomi Rasullullah SAW di Amalkan Semula, Perkara ini kita serahkan kepada Para Ulama yang lebih Ariff untuk melaksanakannya

Daripada Abu Hurairah r.a. berkata: Bersabda Rasulullah saw, "Islam mula tersebar dalam keadaan dagang (asing). Dan ia akan kembali asing pula. Maka beruntunglah orang orang yang asing".
H.R. Muslim



5. Menubuhkan Kumpulan Muhajirin dan Ansar

PAS perlu tubuhkan Kumpulan Muhajirin dan Ansar supaya Pengurusan Perjuangan Islam PAS akan lebih tersusun sepertimana Zaman Rasullullah SAW (Zaman Kegemilangan Islam), Secara Praktikalnya PAS sudah mempunyai Satu Kumpulan Muhajirin iaitu Anak Kelantan Di Perantauan, PAS perlu perluaskan lagi kepada Semua Negeri dan jika boleh menjadi Umat Islam di Perantauan (Muhajirin)

Kumpulan Muhajirin dan Ansar Ini penting kerana sudah menjadi Fitrah manusia yang berhijrah(Muhajirin) ingin kembali ke tempat Asalnya (balik kampung), berdasarkan Sunnah Rasullullah SAW kita dapat lihat Kaum Muhajirin mempunyai sesuatu “kelebihan” yang tidak di punyai oleh Kaum Ansar

Terjemahan didalam Perjuangan Islam PAS ialah PAS boleh menggunakan Umat Islam Yang Beriman yang Berhijrah bagi membantu Umat Islam Ansar (Asal) untuk meningkatkan perjuangan PAS, Sebagai contoh Cawangan-cawangan PAS yang tidak aktif boleh diaktifkan oleh Ahli PAS yang di “import” iaitu yang Muhajirin, Seperti Cawangan PAS di salah satu kawasan di Negeri Selangor yang tidak aktif Ahli PAS di kawasan tersebut (Ansar) boleh meminta bantuan daripada PAS Negeri atau PAS Pusat menghantar Kumpulan Muhajirin bagi membantu Cawangan PAS yang kurang Aktif tersebut, Ahli PAS yang Berhijrah(Muhajirin) perlu menghidupkan Perjuangan Islam dimana sahaja mereka berhijrah

Sekian sahaja untuk kali ini, Saya ingin menyatakan pendapat yang saya kemukakan di sini bukanlah untuk mempertikaikan sesiapa terutama Pemimpin dan Ulama Yang saya Hormati lagi Muliakan Tuan Guru Haji Abdul Hadi Awang Presiden PAS dan Tuan Guru Haji Nik Aziz Nik Mat Mursyidul Am PAS serta Para Ulama dan Para Saudara saya Seislam Tercinta Insan-insan Soleh serta Beriman dan Bertakwa sekelian,

Yang baik daripada ALLAH SWT , Yang Buruk itu datang daripada saya sendiri, Saya memohon Jutaan Kemaafan sekiranya terdapat kesilapan dan menyinggung Saudara-saudara saya Yang Beriman

ibni ahmad

WASSALAM

Crimean War 1853 - 1856

Searching fields
i. Crimean War
ii. Battle of Balaclava
iii. Florence Nightingale
iv. The Treaty of Paris
v. Ottoman Empire

Abstract 1
Dalam peperangan Crimean (Crimean War) sebagai contoh, konflik antara pihak Khalifah Uthmaniah (Ottoman) dan Kerajaan Russia tercetus hanya kerana pihak Uthmaniah memberi kelebihan kepada Negara Perancis mengawal sejumlah gereja – geraja Kristian di Palastine. Oleh kerana permintaan Russia ditolak maka pihak Russia bertindak menawan Negara jajahan Uthmaniah iaitu Moldavia dan Walachia. Kerana itu pihak Kerajaan Uthmaniah bertindak mengisytiharkan perang terhadap Negara Russia.[1]

Abstract II
The Ottoman Empire began to collapse in the face of Balkan nationalisms and European imperial incursions in N Africa (Suez Canal, 1869). The Turks had lost control of most of both regions by 1882. Russia completed its expansion South by 1884 (despite the temporary setback of the Crimean War with Turkey, Britain, and France, 1853-56), taking Turkestan, all the Caucasus, and Chinese areas in the East and sponsoring Balkan Slavs against the Turks. A succession of reformist and reactionary regimes presided over a slow modernization (serfs freed, 1861). Persian independence suffered as Russia and British India competed for influence.[2]

Abstract III
Crimean War, (1853-1856), was fought between Russian forces and the allied armies of Britain, France, the Ottoman Empire (now Turkey), and Sardinia. The war's name comes from the Crimean Peninsula, an area of present-day Ukraine where much of the fighting took place.

Causes of the war included religious, commercial, and strategic rivalries among Britain, France, and Russia in the Near East and political rivalries between France and Russia in Europe. A chief objection of the allies was Russia's expansion in the Black Sea region. Major battles in the Crimean Peninsula occurred along the River Alma and around the towns of Sevastopol, Balaklava, Inkerman, and Yevpatoriya (also spelled Eupatoria). Russia's lack of supplies, railroads, and reinforcements led to its defeat. The Treaty of Paris, signed on March 30, 1856, ended the war. It forced Russia to give up some territory it had taken from the Ottoman Empire and forbade warships on and fortifications around the Black Sea.

The Crimean War was the first war to be covered by newspaper reporters and photographers at the front. The English poet Lord Tennyson wrote a famous poem, "The Charge of the Light Brigade," about the Battle of Balaklava. The activities of Florence Nightingale, an English nurse, later helped bring about improvements in nursing and hospital care.[3]


Abstract IV
Battle of Balaclava (October 25, 1854)
A battle of the Crimean War, the Russian tried to seize the British base at balaclava, but were repulsed by a Highland regiment and by the Heavy Brigade of cavalry. Confusion between the British commanders then led to the gallant, but militarily unnecessary, charge of the Light Brigade under Lord Cardigan. (Palmer, 1964: 40)

Abstract V
Battle of Inkerman (November 5, 1854)
The battle took place during the siege of Sebastopol in the Crimean War. A Russian force of 15,000 men from Balaclava tried to break through the British lines, held at first by 3,600 man. There was fierce hand – to – hand fighting before, with arrival of reinforcement, the Russians were thrown back, having lost 12,000 men killed, captured, or wounded, against 3,400 allied casualties. (Palmer, 1964: 163)

Abstract VI
The immediate cause of the Crimean War was the refusal of the Turks to accept a Russian demand to protect Christians within Turkish Empire. The ultimate origins lie in British suspicion of Russian, partly because of her intervention to suppress the Hungarian Revolution of 1848 – 9 and partly because of the Tsar’s proposal for eventual partition of Turkish territory. (Palmer: 1964: 94)

Abstract VII
Congress of Paris or Treaty of Paris; March 30, 1856
An international conference held in Paris in March 1856 under presidency of the French Foreign Minister, Walewski (1810 – 68), to settle the Eastern Question after the Crimean War. (Palmer. 1964: 248)
Treaty consists:
Russian surrenders the mouths of Danube and part of Bessarabia to the future Romania and Kars to Turkey.
Russian also renounced claims for a religious protectorate over Christians in Turkey.
Warships and fortifications were prohibited on the Black Sea.
The Danubian Principalities were placed under guarantee of the Great Powers.
International commission was to regulate traffic on the Danube.


Abstract VIII
The tsar and his government and his government, feeling themselves by this time to be in a far from strong position, decided to make use of the weakness of the Turkish Empire to consolidate their control over the Bosporus and the Dardanelles and ensure free passage for Russian vessels from the Black Sea into the Mediterranean… However, stronger and more progressive capitalist states such as Britain and France were not prepared to sit back and watch Russian strengthen its hold on the Middle East; they were also not averse to the prospect of capturing such rich prize as the Crimea and the Caucasus… Russia’s navy consist of sailing vessels while the British and French had long over to steam; their arms and artillery were also superior to those of the Russian army. Poor communication meant that the Russian forces were virtually cut off from their supply centers – supplies of both arms and food were seriously inadequate and subject to frequent delay… The war ended with the drafting of the Treaty of Paris in 1856, the terms of which were extremely burdensome for Russia, since she was deprived of the right to have warships in the Black Sea and was also obliged to raze to the ground all her coastal fortifications in that area. (Manfred, 1974: 434)



Books List
i. Palmer, A. W. A Dictionary of Modern History 1789 – 1945. London: Penguin Books, 1964. pp40, 94, 163, 248, 238

ii. Manfred, Prof. A. Z. Ed. A Short History of The World. Vol. 1. Trans. Katharine Judelson. Moscow: Progress Publisher, 1974. pp433

iii. Kinder, Hermann, and W. Hilgemann. The Penguin Atlas of World History. Vol. II. Trans. Ernest A. Menze. London: Penguin Books, 1978. pp69

iv. Taylor, A. J. P. Europe: Grandeur and Decline. London: Penguin Books, 1967. pp67

v. Thomson, David. Europe since Napoleon. London: Pelican Books, 1966. pp111

vi. Horowitz, Sidney. Basic Facts – World History. New York: Collier Books, 1963. pp46

vii. Leeds, C. A. European History 1789 – 1914. London: Macdonald & Evans Ltd., 1971. pp96

viii. Trevelyan, G. M. A Shortened History of England. London: Pelican Books, 1959. pp485

ix. Perry, K. Modern European History: Made Simple. London: W. H. Allen, 1976. pp6

x. Lipson, E. Europe in the 19th & 20th Centuries. London: Adam & Charles Black, n. d. pp37

xi. Carey, John. Ed. Eye – witness to History. Mass: Harvard UP, 1987. pp333[4]

xii. Blainey, Geoffrey. The Cause of War. New York: The Free Press, 1973. pp20

xiii. Hitti, Philip K. History of the Arabs. London: Macmillan & Co. Ltd., 1963. pp738

xiv. Kennedy, Paul. The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers. London: Fontana Press, 1989. pp185

xv. Nelson, Rebecca. Ed. The Handy History Answer Book. Canton, MI: Visible Ink Press, 1999. pp319

xvi. “Crimean War.” The World Almanac 2004 & Books of Facts. 2004. CD-ROMS, Selectsoft Publishing.

xvii. “Crimean War.” World Book Encyclopedia 2002. Deluxe Premier ed. 2002. CD-ROMS, World Book.

xviii. Abd. Wahab, Zaharin. Sebab – sebab berlakunya peperangan. Dlm. Rainman_two. July 10, 2005. http://www.rainman2.blogspot.com


End Note
[1] Abd. Wahab, Zaharin. Sebab – sebab berlakunya peperangan. Dlm. Rainman_two. July 10, 2005. http://www.rainman2.blogspot.com/
[2] “Crimean War.” The World Almanac 2004 & Books of Facts. 2004. CD-ROMS, Selectsoft Publishing
[3] “Crimean War.” World Book Encyclopedia 2002. Deluxe Premier ed. 2002. CD-ROMS, World Book
[4] Balaclava War – due Crimean War

Temu ramah dengan Sheikh Mustafa Tseric, Ketua Ulama Bosnia Herzegovina

Head of Clergy in Bosnia & Herzegovina:Western Countries Prevent Capturing War Criminals

Summary:
Ten and odd years have passed since the peace treaty was signed in Dayton, Ohio, ending the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina, leaving behind 200,000 martyrs, 3000,000 injuries and almost one million displaced persons. The items of the treaty stipulated ceasefire and the return of the displaced people to their homes as well as bringing those who perpetrated massacres to justice. However, after these years passed, none of these items were implemented but the ceasefire and the return of a few of the displaced people to their homes. On the other hand, trying war criminals is yet to take place, especially prominent figures like Radwan Crajic, leader of the Bosnian Serbs in the past, with his general Ratko Mladic, the Bosnian Serb wartime general responsible for the massacre of Srebrenica that took the lives of more than 10 thousand Moslems. How do Moslems in Bosnia and Herzegovina see the treaty at present and what are its future scopes? Cleric or Sheikh Mustafa Tseric, Head of the clergy in Bosnia & Herzegovina gives answers to these questions in a special interview for Al-Intiqad:

By Hassan Diab, SARAJEVO

Ten years have passed since the peace treaty was signed in Dayton. As Moslems in Bosnia and Herzegovina, are you pleased with the execution and implementation of this agreement?

Since the beginning, we considered that the Dayton agreement was unjust, particularly for us as Moslems. However, we were forced to sign this treaty in order to stop the slaughtering of our people, the saving of our females alive, the expulsion and displacement of our citizens and the destruction of our mosques and holy sites, because the international community at that time would look with a blind eye to what was happening to Moslems in Bosnia and Herzegovina. We were also dedicated to stay on our land, the land of our ancestors, because we were unable to continue the fight and struggle against the enemy that was excelling us militarily, so we sealed this deal.

In addition, we thought that Dayton agreement was the only guarantee to maintain Bosnia and Herzegovina as one united and independent country, where the three nations would live in equity: Serbs, Croatians and Moslems. For this reason, we fought for the unity of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Dayton agreement was the only and utter deal in this world. One of the positive issues of Dayton agreement was the freedom of movement throughout Bosnia and Herzegovina for the society, and as I said earlier, maintaining Bosnia and Herzegovina as one united country. On the other hand, the negative issues of this agreement in the first degree reside in overlooking the arresting of war criminals who committed the ugliest crimes against Moslems. We have information that they are present in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and they are moving freely. We are not satisfied with the process of the refugees return, because it is progressing very slowly.

Until now, only 40% of those who were displaced and expelled from their homes have returned. The international community did not keep its promise building the mosques that were destroyed during the war. It is well known that more than one thousand mosques were destroyed during wartime. We are exerting great efforts and pressurizing the international community in order to arrest Cragic and Mladic to try them in The Hague. But we received documented and confirmed information from some of our western allies telling that some EU countries and the US vowed not to pursue and try Cragic and Mladic should they sign Dayton agreement. Moslems in Bosnia and Herzegovina are overwhelmed by the belief that the international community could have arrested Cragic and Mladic years ago if it wanted; shame on the international community, which treats us this way only because we are Moslems.

look at this mockery, the former Bosnian army leader Rasem Delec who defended Bosnia and its people, is being tried by The Hague Tribunal whereas the criminals who perpetrated the ugliest crimes and destroyed Bosnia and Herzegovina are living safely and freely and are being protected by the international community.


What is you comment on the death of Slobodan Milosevic in prison in The Hague?

We hoped that he would be tried and live a long time in prison. This is all that I can say.


How do you see your relationship with the Islamic world? Has this relation developed and became much better than it was before the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina?

Our relation with the Islamic world is a strong and steady one. I say to you openly, if it were not for their help, the Serbs and Croatians with the aid of the international family could have wiped us out.
This is because the aid which they sent to us from 1992 to 1995 played an efficient role in our steadfastness and struggle against the aggressor. I would like to take this opportunity via your newspaper to thank all those who helped us, particularly the Islamic Republic of Iran and all the Gulf Countries as well as Egypt, Malaysia, Indonesia, Turkey, and all the rest of the Moslem and Arab countries that offered us help. In addition, our gratitude goes to the strugglers who came from the Islamic world and fought by our side. Many have died in defense of our sacred land of Bosnia, and for this God let them in his spacious paradise. If it were not for this aid, we would have been all displaced from Bosnia like they did to us during the Word War II, when more than four million Moslems were displaced from Bosnia and Herzegovina to Turkey.

Bosnian President, Alija Izetbegovic, may God have mercy on his soul, was truly aware that the Arab and Moslem countries were the element on which we could rely in our defensive ware against the Serbian aggressor. I still remember how in the beginning of the war I met with President Alija Izetbegovic, and he told me that we will last, God willing, because the Arab and Moslem world is with us. Alija Izetbegovic told all the leaders of the Arab and Moslem world, if you want us to stay in Bosnia, you must help us. Also today, we are seeking help from the Arab and Moslem nations because we consider ourselves a part of them. And I say to them, your strength is our strength, and your weakness is our weakness, and with our unity we can defeat the countries of the world evil and haughtiness.

Recently, there have been calls by the Croatian and Serbian officials, calling on having a second look into the Dayton treaty. Why do you think?

We also in the clergy are supporting these calls that demand an amendment of Dayton treaty, but on the basis that Bosnia remains a united and just country for everyone. The Croats are asking to divide Bosnia into four cantons. We refuse this issue absolutely. We demand an amendment of Dayton treaty but under the term that Bosnia and Herzegovina remain one united country. We, the Moslems in Bosnia and Herzegovina always feel the oppression. We do not feel that we are equal with the Croats and Serbs. When we call for equality and freedom, they accuse us of terrorism and radicalism. We merely want our legal rights which are our natural claim.

The main problem from which we suffer in Bosnia is that the trust remains nonexistent among the disputed parties. The Serbs and Croats do not believe us, and the international community supports them with this. When we win the elections in the areas of Moslem majority and we form a town council, the Croats and Serbs with the help of the international community work on forcedly inserting a Serb or a Croat in order to guard us. They do not believe us. We were not the ones who ignited the war and committed massacres against them. At this point I ask: who was responsible for the war outbreak? Who was responsible for the initiation of death camps? Yet, we are tolerant and accepted coexistence with the Croats and Serbs. The international family is afraid of a Moslem country rising in the Balkan region. We told them repeatedly that the establishment of a Moslem country in the Balkan region is impossible. And if you were afraid of the Islamic radicalism you have to remove all these reasons and give us our legal rights.

Western media keep talking about the existence of Islamic radical movements in Bosnia that seek to strike the Vatican and fight the Christians in the world. What is your comment?

do not believe that there are radical Moslems in Bosnia. I believe that there are radicals worldwide who are working against Islam and Moslems. The world at present is living in fear of Islam. This is funny and strange. But this is their problem.

At the end of this dialogue, I send my great admiration and gratitude to the mujahideen in Palestine, Iraq and Afghanistan. Besides, I send my special greeting to the mujahideen of the Islamic Resistance in Lebanon who gave the Zionist enemy a harsh lesson and liberated their land from the Zionists. We are proud of them because we are Moslems.

Source:Al-Intiqad,special interview. Date: 27/03/2006 Time 09:45